商事登记制度的属性反思及制度重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Commercial Registration System

制定统一的商事登记法并不是解决当前商事登记立法矛盾的最佳选择。在明确商事登记制度私法属性的前提下,建议未来的商事登记制度将各类商主体按照其产生的基础和承担责任方式的不同分为两类,即承担有限责任的商主体(公司)和承担无限责任的商主体(商自然人和商合伙),仅仅对承担有限责任的公司实行强制登记制度。即使对公司实现强制登记,也应当弱化商事登记的监管职能,将传统的前置行政审批程序定位于公示职能,将经营者的主体资格与营业资格相分离,以求安全与效率价值的平衡。

To make uniform commercial registration law is not the best choice to resolve the contradictions of the current legislation of commercial registration. On the premise of confirming attributes of the commercial registration system as private law, it is recommended that in the com- mercial registration system of the future all commercial subjects should be divided into two kinds, namely, commercial subjects （companies） to undertake limited liability and commercial subjects （commercial individuals and business partnership） to undertake unlimited liability according to bases of producing and methods of undertaking responsibility. Only companies to undertake limited liability must be compulsorily registered. Even if the company must be compulsorily registered, regulation function of commercial registration should be weakened. In order to realize value balance of safety and efficiency, the traditional prepositive procedure of administrative examination and approval should be positioned in publicity function, and the operator＇ s subject qualification should be separated from its business qualification.