国家崛起的体育战略价值研究

Research on Sports Strategic Value of the Rise of Great Powers

从国际关系学和体育学等多学科领域,在对国家崛起内涵、阶段、方式概述的基础上,探讨了英国、法国、美国、日本、德国、苏联(俄罗斯)崛起过程中的体育战略价值特征。大国崛起方式不同,对体育的战略价值定位也不同。国家选择战争方式(正义战争和非正义战争)崛起,突出的是体育战略的军事价值;国家选择和平方式崛起,突出的是体育战略的经济价值和文化价值。虽然国家利益是各国崛起的体育战略价值的出发点和归宿,但由于各自对国家利益的判断和确认不同,从而使体育在维护各自国家利益上所能发挥的作用及其程度、效果也不一样。国家崛起的体育战略选择关键在于体育战略目标与战略手段的相对平衡,大国崛起时期的民族心理和政治要求并非总是对奥运金牌的诉求。中国的国家体育战略价值应当凸显青少年体质和经济文化价值,协调好国家体育发展战略的价值取向,使其回归到增强国家经济实力和文化实力的轨道上来。在中国国家体育战略价值定位上要对和平崛起时代的国家核心利益做出正确判断,使体育战略能够真正发挥其积极性的战略效应。在谋划中国未来体育发展战略时,对"举国体制"反思的核心点要集中到"举什么"和"怎样举"这个核心问题上来。对中国未来体育战略的价值定位应从过去重奥运金牌的精神追求转向重国家生存与发展的物质追求和改革创新国际体育制度追求的价值诉求。

From international relations and sports science, this paper, based on overview national rise connotation, stage and way, probed into the features of sports strategy value in the process of six great powers rise （United Kingdom, France, United States, Japan, Germany and Russia ） .The main conclusions are as follows;the rise of great powers in different ways, they have dif- ferent strategic value orientation of sports; If nation selects war way （just war and non-just war） rise,nation is highlight of the military value of sports strategy; If nation selects peace way rise, nation is highlight of the economic and culture value of sports strategy;While nation- a[ interests are the starting point and home of six powers sports strategy value, but due to dif- ferent judgment and confirmed on national interests, six powers sports strategy played of differ- ent role and degree, and effect in maintenance individual national interests;The relative balance of sports strategic objectives and strategic means is the key of sports strategic choice of the rise of great powers;The national psychological and political demands in the rise of great powers are not always demand for the Olympic gold medal. At the same time we can draw some inspi- rations from the sports strategy choice of the six powers rise. China national sports strategy should highlight the strategic value of youth physique and economy and culture by coordinating the value orientation of national sports development strategy that returns to the track of enhan- cing strength of national economy and culture;we should correctly judgment national core in- terests in the era of china peace rise for the sake of real playing a positive role of sports strate- gy while we choose the value of China sports strategy;When we think of China＇s future sports development strategies, we should focus on the core issue of what ＂give＂ and ＂lifted up＂ in re- flection on the national sports system; the value orientation of China＇s national strategy should shifted the past spiritual pursuit of Olympic gold medal to national survival and material pur- suits, and to reform the innovation of international sports systems. Key words ： the rise of great powers ; value of sports strategy ; feature ; inspiration