摘要
采用样线法对辽河保护区河岸农田撂荒恢复3年后的植物群落进行调查,研究其物种特征及生物多样性影响因子。结果表明:8个样点共采集到51种植物,以草本植物为主,共49种,占总物种数的96%;51种植物隶属于21科46属,其中菊科和禾本科物种数最多,单属科、单种科和单种属在植物物种组成中占比例较大,高频度且高盖度出现的物种少;小飞蓬和茵陈蒿为撂荒恢复初期植物群落的先锋物种,出现的频度最高;草本植物的水分生态型以中生植物占优势;生活型以1年生植物为主,且杂草在草本植物中占有较大的比例,表明河岸农田撂荒恢复初期物种组成主要受到人类活动的影响,而河流对物种的影响在早期表现不明显;物种多样性自上游向下游呈降低趋势,环境影响因子分析表明Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou均匀度指数与海拔和距河口距离呈显著正相关,与距交汇处距离和河道蜿蜒度呈显著负相关,而Patrick丰富度指数与两岸堤距呈显著负相关,与其他因子无显著相关性。
Riparian vegetation on abandoned croplands after 3-year natural rehabilitation was surveyed with line transect method in Liaohe River reserve, and species composition and factors affecting biodiversity were investigated. Results showed that there were 51 species on 8 sampling sites, and the dominant species were herbs (49 species). The 51 species belonged to 46 genera and 21 families, and Compositae and Gramineae had the most species. The vegetation was mainly composed of singlespecies families, singlegenus families and single-species genera. There were a few species with high frequency and coverage, and Conyza canadensis and Artemisia capillaris as pioneer species in the community succession had the highest appearance frequency. The herbaceous species were mainly mesophytic and annual, and the weeds accounted for a larger proportion of total herbaceous species, indicating that species composition at an early restoration stage on abandoned riparian croplands was affected mainly by human activities rather than the river processes. The species diversity decreased from upstream to downstream. Correlation analysis on environmental factors indicated that Simpson diversity index, Shannon index and Pielou evenness index had positive correlations with altitude and distance from the estuary, and negative correlations with distance from the confluence of eastern and western Liaohe River and sinuosity. While Patrick richness index had negative correlations with the width between levees, and had no correlations with other factors.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期41-47,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(41201187)
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-001-02)资助
关键词
河岸带
河流保护区
小飞蓬
物种多样性
水分生态型
riparian zone
river reserve
Conyza canadensis
species diversity
water ecotype.