典型水生植物对水库环境污染物去除能力的实验室模拟

Removal of pollutants in reservoir by typical hydrophytes:A laboratory simulation study

以溪荪鸢尾(Iris sanguinen)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、黄菖蒲(Iris pseudaeorus)3种水生植物为实验植物,根据大伙房水库库区及入库河流的富营养化现状制备富营养化实验水体,通过28 d室内水培实验,研究3种植物对总氮、铵氮、硝氮和总磷的去除能力。结果表明:溪荪鸢尾组对总氮、铵氮、硝氮和总磷的去除率分别为78.1%、73.1%、84.8%和90.3%,菖蒲组分别为73.4%、90.1%、63.1%和89.1%,黄菖蒲组分别为83.9%、77.3%、75.0%和93.8%;3种植物对污染物的去除强度随时间的变化较为一致,均表现出前期污染物浓度下降较快,后期趋于平缓:对总氮、铵氮的去除作用前14天较为显著;对硝氮的去除作用在整个实验期间均显著;对总磷的去除作用在前21天较为显著。

An experiment was conducted to study the removal of total nitrogen （TN）, ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N）, nitrate nitrogen （NO3--N） and total phosphorus （TP） by three hydrophyte plant species, Iris sanguinea, Acorus calamus, and Iris pseudacorus. The eutrophicated water in laboratory was prepared according to the eutrophication status of Dahuofang Reservoir and its tributary inflow. The results showed that after 28 days growing in the water, the removal rates on the four pollutants were 78.1%, 73.1%, 84.8% and 90.3% by I. sanguinea, 73.4%, 90.7%, 63.1% and 89.1% by A. calamus, and 83.9%, 77.3%, 75.0% and 93.8% by I. pseudacorus, respectively. The removal efficiencies on four pollutants by the three plants showed similar variations： From initial high rate to gradually lower rate. Removal effect was obvious for NO3--N during the whole experiment while more obvious for TN and NH4＋-N during the first 14 days, and more obvious for TP during the first 21 days.