阿尔金山自然保护区土地利用／覆被变化对藏野驴栖息地的影响

Effects of land use/land cover change(LUCC)on habitats of Tibetan wild donkey in Aerjin Mountain National Nature Reserve

阿尔金山国家级自然保护区是青藏高原的特有种藏野驴的主要保护区之一。分析土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)对藏野驴潜在栖息地的影响是维持藏野驴在未来生存与发展的直接途径。本文以生态位理论为指导,综合应用GIS技术,构建基于GIS的生态位模型,结合层次分析法(AHP)与转移矩阵分析方法,分析自保护区1985年(建立)至2000年间LUCC对藏野驴不同适宜性栖息地的影响。结果表明:高适宜性栖息地与中适宜性栖息地变化不明显,高适宜性栖息地主要位于卡尔墩检查站周围区域、保护区东北部沿着阿尔金山的高适宜性廊道,中适宜性栖息地位于高适宜性栖息地周围,二者面积均略有增加;高适宜性栖息地面积增加的主要来源为中适宜性栖息地,而中适宜性栖息地面积增加的主要来源为低适宜性栖息地与不适宜区域;低适宜性栖息地面积减小剧烈,其面积减少的去向主要是不适宜区域,不适宜性区域面积不断扩大;藏野驴不同适宜性栖息地的总体变化趋势是栖息地格局向两端集中,即向高适宜性栖息地与不适宜区域转化。

Aerjin Mountain National Nature Reserve is one of the major refuges for Tibetan wild donkey in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the effects of land use/land cover change （LUCC） on potential habitats of Tibetan wild donkey is the foundation to keep the survival and development of Tibetan wild donkey in the future. Based on the niche theory, we developed a GIS-based niche model to examine the impacts of LUCC on different kinds of suitable habitats for Tibetan wild donkey in 1985 when Aerjin Mountain National Nature Reserve was established and 2000 by using GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. The results suggested that highly and moderately suitable habitats were not obviously changed by LUCC. The highly suitable habitats were mostly located in the vicinities of Kardun inspection station and the corridor along Aerjin Mountain in the northeast of reserve. The moderately suitable habitats were mostly located around the highly suitable habitats. Between 1985 and 2000, the areas of highly and moderately suitable habitats increased slightly. The increased areas of highly suitable habitat were mainly came from those of moderately suitable habitats. Lowly suitable and unsuitable habitats were the main sources for increased moderately suitable habitats. The areas of lowly suitable habitats decreased sharply, changing into those of unsuitable habitats. The unsuitable habitats expanded continuously. The changing tendency of different habitats showed that the habitat patterns became more concentrating as the highly suitable and unsuitable habitats.