DNA损伤的光电化学传感器检测

Photoelectrochemical Sensors for the Detection of DNA Damage

DNA是生物体主要的遗传物质,DNA损伤在生物体内经常发生。一些内源性和外源性物质可对细胞核内DNA造成氧化和修饰等结构性损伤。未经修复的损伤DNA可导致基因突变甚至癌症的发生。DNA电化学传感器具有快速、灵敏、低成本和易于小型化等优势,非常适用于化学品和环境化合物致DNA损伤毒性的快速筛查。本文首先简要介绍目前流行的DNA电化学传感器的类型和工作原理,然后以我们实验室的工作为基础,重点论述针对DNA损伤检测的电化学和光电化学传感器,包括用于化合物基因毒性快速鉴定的通用型传感器和特定DNA损伤产物(8-羟基脱氧鸟苷,甲基化DNA碱基)定量检测的专用型传感器。最后对DNA损伤电化学传感器目前存在的问题和未来可能的发展方向进行展望。

DNA is a kind of genetic material that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all know n living organisms and many viruses. DNA damage occurs frequently in organisms. Some endogenous and exogenous chemicals have been found to induce structural damages to nuclear DNA by base oxidation or modification. If unrepaired,these damaged DNA may lead to gene mutation and even tumor generation. Due to their short response time, high sensitivity, low cost and ease of miniaturization, electrochemical DNA sensors are w ell qualified for the rapid screening of industrial and environmental chemicals for their potential geno-toxicity. This review article first introduces briefly the types and w orking mechanisms of current electrochemical DNA sensors. Then it describes in more detail the w ork on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensors for the detection of DNA damage, based largely on the w ork of our ow n laboratory,including general type sensors for the rapid screening of industrial and environmental chemicals w ith potential geno-toxicity,as w ell as specific type sensors for the identification and quantification of DNA damage products such as 8-oxodGuo and methylated DNA bases. In the end,the existing problems and future research directions of the DNA damage electrochemical sensors are discussed.