预处理技术在生物质热化学转化中的应用

Applications of Pretreatment in Biomass Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technology

随着化石燃料的不断消耗和气候的变化,生物质能作为一种可再生能源越来越受到关注。生物质可以通过生物法和热化学法转化成有用的燃料,热化学转化技术因其可以将生物质高效地转化生成气体、液体和固体燃料使其占有主导地位。对生物质进行预处理可以改变其物理化学特性,并且这些改变影响着后期热化学转化生物质产品的品质和收率。本文综述了生物质预处理技术在热化学转化技术方面的应用进展。对生物质进行烘焙预处理改变其可磨性,疏水性。生物质热裂解之前对原料进行脱灰分减少了生物质中的灰分,改变了生物质热裂解液化的产品分布。预处理液化相对直接高压液化生物油收率大大提高,同时最优化反应温度也大大降低。

With the increasing consumption of fossil fuels and the growing concerns about climate change, biomass is draw ing increasing attention as a renew able energy source due to its advantages of renew al and abundance. Biomass can be converted into energy using bio-chemical and thermo-chemical processes,but the thermo-chemical conversion technology finds its dominance because of high efficient conversion to gas,liquid and solid products under thermal conditions. Biomass pretreatment can alter the physical features and chemical composition / structure of lignocellulosic materials. The pretreatment step has a significant influence on the quality and yield of products obtained from thermo-chemical conversion biomass. In this review,w e discuss the applications of various pretreatment methods in the biomass thermo-chemical conversion,including torrefaction and gasification, pretreatment and biomass pyrolysis, pretreatment and biomass liquefaction. Torrefaction improves the hydrophobicity and grindability characteristics of biomass materials. Water or acid w ashing pretreatment can remove metal ions from biomass and the change in products distribution during the biomass pyrolysis is more obvious. Biomass pretreatment and liquefaction can increase the bio-oil yield and decrease the optimum reaction temperature compared to the untreated biomass liquefaction experiments.