韦斯科普夫对利润率动态的研究及其局限

Studies and Limitations of Weisskopf on the Dynamics of the Profit Rate

美国马克思主义经济学家韦斯科普夫曾在1970年代提出了一个研究利润率动态的方法，即将其变动归于产出资本比率、利润份额、产能利用率这三项因素的变化，并将它们与三种马克思主义危机理论相对应。他采用计量方法检验了三项因素对于60年代末利润率下降的不同影响，并据此以维护“利润挤压论”针对1973—1974年危机成因的理论解释。韦斯科普夫的研究代表了马克思主义经济学对利润率动态进行理论和实证相结合的分析的重大尝试，但其研究方法也存在着一些局限性。为了进一步精细地解释劳动份额的变化，韦斯科普夫区分了两种劳工实力，这实为其分析中的败笔。

T. E. Weisskopf,a Marxist economist from US,presented a method to study the dynamics of the profit rate in the 1970s. That is,he linked the changes of the profit rate to the changes of capital- output ratio,share of profit and rate of capacity utilization,and matched these three factors with three Marxist crisis theories. With the measurement method,Weisskopf verified different effects of such three factors on a decline in the profit rate at the end of the 1960s. On this basis he supported the theoretical explanation of the cause for the 1973- 74 crisis according to the ' Profit Squeeze Theory'. His studies represented a major attempt to analyze the dynamics of the profit rate by combining the theoretical method with the empirical one on the basis of Marist economics. However,some limitations exist in his study method. To further explain the changes of labor share in detail,Weisskopf divided labor strength into two categories. This is actually a faulty part in his analysis.