制度变迁:从家庭承包到家庭农场

Institutional Change: From Household Contract to Family Farm

依据马克思制度变迁理论与诺斯制度变迁理论,规模经营、技术进步、专业分工三者构成农村家庭农场制度变迁内在动因,而农村家庭、中央政府、地方政府等构成家庭农场制度变迁主体,农村家庭追求外部利润是家庭农场制度变迁的外在动因。国家强制性制度变迁与农民诱致性制度变迁相结合,共同推进与实现家庭农场制度变迁。家庭农场制度变迁需要土地稳定与土地流转制度、农村剩余劳动力转移与农村社会保障制度、农业社会化专业服务体系、农资农品市场制度等制度与之配套,否则,就会出现制度结构性失衡,从而家庭农场制度也难以发挥制度性效率。

According to the institutional change theory of Marx and North,appropriate scale of operation,technological progress and specialized labor division constitute the internal cause for an institutional change of rural family farms. Rural households,the central government,local governments,etc. form the main subject of such an institutional change. Pursuit of external profits by rural households becomes the external cause for such an institutional change. An institutional change of family farms is made due to a driving force from both the compulsive institutional change of the state and the induced institutional change of farmers. Additionally,this institutional change requires such matching systems as the system for land stability and circulation,the system for transfer of rural surplus labor,the rural social security system,the agricultural social service system,and the market system for agricultural materials and products. Otherwise,there will be a structural institutional imbalance. In this situation,the family farm system will also find it hard to give full play to its institutional efficiency.