乐观偏差的认知神经机制

Cognitive Neuromechanisms of Optimism Bias

乐观偏差是指人们趋向于认为好事发生在自己身上,坏事发生在他人身上的一种心理期望(Weinstein,1980)。乐观偏差的研究范式主要有社会比较范式、过去未来想象范式以及信息转变任务范式。运用fMRI对乐观偏差研究发现,乐观偏差的神经机制主要涉及前喙扣带皮质和杏仁核、前额叶、多巴胺等。未来要结合社会比较和信息转变范式对乐观偏差进行测量;研究乐观偏差认知机制的神经机制,特别是采用ERP技术研究乐观偏差的认知机制;同时要进一步揭示不同亚型乐观偏差的神经机制;最后还要开展乐观偏差影响心理健康的神经机制研究。

Optimism bias is the tendency for individuals to believe that his or her chances of experiencing a positive event were higher or a negative event were lower than that to one＇s peers （Weinstein, 1980）. The main behavior paradigm of exploring optimism bias contained social comparative paradigm, past-future imaging and information updating task. Researches by fMRI showed that the neural mechanisms of optimistic bias were associated with rostral anterior cingulate cortex （rACC）, amygdala, prefrontal cortex （PFC）and dopamine system. Considering the paradigm of optimism bias, we could combine social comparative paradigm to information updating task for exploring it; the cognitive mechnisms of optimism bias will be researched by ERP method particllarly; and the brain region mediating subtype of optimism bias will also be clarified; and then the neural mechnism of mental health impacted by optimism bias will be demonstrated, in future direction.