美国在朝鲜停战谈判中的战俘遣返政策探究

American Policy of Repatriating Prisoners of War During the Korean Armistice Negotiations

如何遣返战俘是美国决策层在朝鲜停战谈判期间深入研讨的问题。直到谈判举行半年后,杜鲁门政府才最终确定所谓的"自愿遣返"战俘的政策。尽管美国内部就此项政策存在一些异议,然而在其总统的主导下,美国在谈判中始终坚持该政策。其中的主要原因是出于意识形态斗争等多方面的复杂考量,尤其是利用战俘问题拖延谈判,以实现争夺全球霸权的战略目标。为实施战俘遣返政策,美国在谈判中炮制各种无任何实际意义的谈判方案,企图把谈判拖延的责任推给对方,从而争取舆论界的支持。这导致谈判长期中断。美国方面理所当然应该为世界军事史上耗时最长的停战谈判久而未决承担责任。

The problem that the United States policy makers discussed deliberately during the Korean armistice negotiations was the repatriation of prisoners of war. The Truman administration did not confirm the so-called policy of ＂voluntary repatriation＂ of prisoners of war until the negotiations were held for six months. Although there existed some objections against this policy inside the United States, the United States always insisted on it in the negotiations under the guidance of the President. The main reason lay in various complex considerations of the ideological struggle, especially the delay of negotiations on the excuse of the issue of the prisoners of war, in order to realize its strategic target for global hegemony. To implement the policy of repatriating prisoners of war, the United States sought ways repeatedly to make various truce plans in negotiations, trying to pass the buck of delaying the negotiations to the other party, so as to strive for the support of public opinion. This led to the long-time suspension of negotiation. It stood to reason that the United States should assume responsibility for lingering and longest truce, talks in the world military history.