日本近代早期围绕议会设立的思想论争

The Thought Discussion over the Establishment of the Parliament in the Early Years of Modern Japan

日本近代早期,在大力鼓吹实行议会政治必要性的基础上,政治界和思想界围绕议会如何设立的问题展开了论争:关于议会构成,有一院制和两院制的分歧;在议会设立途径上,存在由天皇任命、民选产生、官方确定、部分民选部分任命以及采取多渠道设立等各种不同的主张;关于选举人资格,存在着资格限制和无资格限制,即实行有限选举还是普选两种主张;关于上院和下院议员任职的身份,大多数人主张有不同的限定。这些论争最终推动日本君主立宪制的议会政治的诞生。

In the early years of modern Japan, Japanese political and intellectual circles discussed the way the Japanese parliament to be established. As for the formation of the parliament, there were debates over whether the unicameral system or bicameral system should be adopted. As for the way the parliament was elected, there were debates over whether the congressmen should be nominated by emperor, democratically （or partially） elected by the people, selected by the government or elected in various ways. As for the qualification of the electors, there were debates over whether the voting franchise should be restricted or generally enjoyed by the people. As for the individual capacities of the congressmen, the majority in the discussion insisted that their capacities should be limited in certain ways. All the discussion and debates above brought forward the birth of Japanese parliamentary political system on the basis of constitutional monarchy.