安置模式对水库农村移民家庭经济发展的影响

The Effects of Resettlement Mode on the Economic Development of Rural Reservoir-related Emigration Households

针对宜昌市三峡库区百户农村移民家庭12年的经济发展状况的跟踪调查表明:就地后靠农业安置移民不仅能平稳过渡,其家庭经济状况逐年好于全市农村家庭平均水平;外迁农业安置移民家庭在安置初期经济状况下滑,但能逐步实现过渡,并跟上农村平均水平;而非农就业安置家庭的经济状况波动大,且长期处于低水平,与城镇困难户家庭水平相当。因此,就地后靠农业安置应成为今后工程建设农村移民安置的首选,外迁农业安置是在环境容量限制下的次选,而非农就业安置在农村移民安置中应慎重选择。水库建设移民政策的制定应以能力贫困与能力发展理论为指导,现阶段应遵循"以土为本,就地后靠为主、就近外迁为辅"的原则,要注重库区环境容量的扩大和移民发展能力的提升,针对不同安置模式的移民家庭应该出台差别性的、针对性的移民安置政策,并全面开展持续的移民跟踪调查工作。在三峡后续移民工作中,应该妥善解决非农就业安置的遗留问题。

The tracing survey on the economic development situation in 12 years of 100 rural emigration households in Three Gorges Reservoir area in Yichang City shows that the emigrants resettled by local retreat mode not only stably passed transition period but also the economic situation of their families is better than the average level of the rural families in the whole city year by year, that the economic situation of the rural emigration families resettled outside the City declined at initial period but could gradually pass the transition period and catch up with rural average level, however, the economic situation of the families resettled by non-agricultural employment mode has big fluctuation, stays at low level in a long time and is the same as the level of urban poor families. Thus, agricultural resettlement mode by local retreat will become the first choice for rural emigrants in project construction in the future, the agricultural resettlement mode by emigrating to other places will be the second choice under the limitation of environment bearing capacity, however, the emigrant resettlement mode by non-agricultural employment should be carefully used in rural emigrant resettlement. The making of emigrant policy in reservoir construction should be guided by the theory of capacity poverty and capacity development and currently by the principle of ＂taking the land as the basis, mainly local retreat and then emigration to the nearby places＂, should pay attention to the enlargement of environment capacity in reservoir area and the promotion of emigrant development capacity, should have the emigrant resettlement policy with difference and pertinence according to the emigrant families resettled by different resettlement modes, and overall conduct continuous tracing survey on the emigrants. The left-over problems in the non-agricultural employment resettlement should be properly solved in the subsequent emigrant resettlement in Three Gorges area.