FDI对行业环境绩效的影响及门槛效应研究——对2004—2010年江苏省制造业29个行业的实证分析

Research on the Influence of FDI on Industrial Environment Performance and Its Threshold Effects——Empirical Analysis Based on 29 Manufacturing Industries of Jiangsu Province during 2004—2010

采用2004—2010年江苏省制造业29个行业面板数据,分析FDI与制造业环境绩效的关系,并从工资水平门槛和环境规制门槛两个角度检验了FDI对环境绩效影响的门槛效应。分析结果表明:FDI与清洁生产型行业的环境绩效正相关,而与污染密集型行业的环境绩效负相关;清洁生产型行业的环境绩效与FDI的环境规制和工资水平均呈现倒"N"型曲线关系,污染密集型行业的环境绩效与FDI的环境规制和工资水平分别呈现倒"U"和正"U"型曲线关系;绝大部分行业没有同时处在工资水平门槛和环境规制门槛的最优区间,总体上存在工资水平较低、环境规制强度较弱的情况。FDI对制造业行业环境绩效存在显著的门槛效应,地方政府应有选择地吸纳能够兼顾经济效益和环境效益的外资投入,在制定相关政策时,切忌盲目地、一刀切地提高或者降低环境规制强度和行业工资水平,可依据门槛最优区间对不同行业的环境规制和工资水平加以相应调整。

Based on the panel data collected from the 29 manufacturing industries in Jiangsu Province during 2004--2010, this paper analyzes the relationship between FDI and manufacturing industry environment performance, tests threshold effect of the influence of FDI on environment performance from such two aspects as wage level threshold and environment regulation threshold. The analyzing results show that FDI is positively related to the environment performance of clean-production-style industries but is negatively related to the environment performance of pollution-intensive-style industries, that there demonstrates an inverted ＂N＂ type curve relation between environment performance of clean-production-style industries and FDI environment regulation and wage level threshold, that there demonstrates an inverted ＂ U＂ and an upright ＂U＂ type curve relation between environment performance of pollution-intensive-style industries and FDI environment regulation and wage level threshold, that most of the industries do not synchronously stay at the optimal region wage level threshold and environment regulation threshold, and that there is overall the situation of relatively low wage level and relatively weak environment regulation strength. There is significant threshold effect of FDI on environment performance of manufacturing industries, local governments should selectively take the foreign investment with both economic benefit and environment benefit, try to avoid the similar policies for raising or decreasing environment regulation strength and industrial wage level while making environment regulation and wage level in different the related policies, but make corresponding adjustment for industries based on the optimal threshold region.