敦煌紫苏煎方源及相关医方探析

On the Origin of ZiSu Jian from DunHuang and Its Associated Prescriptions

敦煌医学卷子P.2662V中的紫苏煎为治疗肺病上气咳嗽或吐脓血之证所设,以该方灵活加减化裁治疗日久不愈之咳嗽,效果甚佳,经与传世文献《千金要方》《千金翼方》《外台秘要方》等方书进行对比,发现没有与敦煌紫苏煎组成相同的医方,即使方中含有紫苏或苏子的治疗咳嗽方,药物组成也不相同,其功用也有所不同,这说明紫苏煎是秘藏藏经洞而在传世文献中没有记载的珍贵方药,从紫苏煎中的药物牦牛酥、诃勒皮等组成来看,该方很有可能来源于敦煌西域的医家,也有可能是中原医家经丝绸之路传入西域后经当地医家结合外来药物化裁而成,这两种情况均反映了丝绸之路医药文化中的中原医药文化与敦煌西域医药文化的密切交流。

ZiSu Jian was established for the syndrome of pulmonary diseases coughing caused by reversing Qi and vomiting pus and blood, in DunHuang medical volume P.2662V, the modified prescriptions could be applied for prolonged cough and obtain better effects, it was compared with QicmJin YooFang, QianJin YiFottg, WaiTai MiYao- Fang and other works about prescriptions, and there was no such kind of the priscriptions similar to ZiSuJian, even though there were the prescriptions for cough containing ZiSu and SuZi, the compositions of herbs were different and the indications, all above demonstrated that ZiSuJian was the precious prescription stored in the cave for preserving the Buddhist sutra but not recorded in inherited literature, in the angle of the compositions, ZiSuJian might be pre- scribed by the doctors of DunHuang and the Western Regions, also might be from the doctors of Central Plains by combing with other drugs, spread from silk road to the Western Regions, modified by local doctors and the prescrip- tion was combined with foreign herbs. The conditions could reflect close communication between culture of Central Plains medicine and medical culture of DunHuang and the Western Regions.