草果产量和产量构成因素分析研究

Study of Yield and Yield Components of Amomun tsasko

为了探究草果植株的产量构成因素及其与产量的相关性,采用随机性和统筹代表性的取样方法于2011年分别对云南省金平县10年株龄和元阳县4年株龄的草果进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,草果植株产量分别是由每株穗数、每穗花数、每穗果数、挂果率和果重这5个产量因素构成的。草果的每株穗数对产量的影响最大(r=0.6382,P<0.01),其次是每穗果数(r=0.5631,P<0.01),果重对植株产量的影响不显著。草果产量构成因素对植株产量影响由大到小的顺序分别是每株穗数>每穗果数>挂果率>每穗花数>果重。元阳县4年株龄草果的产量(1.24 kg/株)显著高于金平10年株龄草果的产量(0.61 kg/株),其中金平县10年株龄草果的每穗果数和挂果率均显著地小于元阳4年株龄的草果,这是造成其产量较低的主要原因。因此,增加草果的每株穗数和挂果率对提高草果植株产量具有重要意义。

This study was to explore the yield components and analyze the correlation of yield components and yield of Amomum tsaoko. 10 years old of Amomum tsaoko in Jinping County and 4 years old ofAmomum tsaoko in Yuanyang County were investigated using a random and representative method in 2011. The results showed that the yields ofAmomum tsaoko was determined by the number of ears per plant, number of flowers per ear, number of fruits per ear, fruiting rate and fruit weight. Number of ears per plant was the largest effect to yield （ r = 0. 6382,P 〈 0.01 ）, number of fruits per ear was followed （ r = 0. 5631, P 〈 0.01 ）, and fruit weight had no remarkable effect on the yields of Amomum tsaoko. The order of yield components influenced yield respectively was number of ears per plant 〉 number of fruits per ear 〉 fruiting rate 〉 number of flowers per ear 〉 fruit weight. The yield of 4 years old Amomum tsaoko collected from Yuanyang County was 1.24 kg/ plant, remarkably higher than the yield of 0.61 kg/plant of 10 years old Amomum tsaoko collected from Jinpin County, and number of fruits per ear and fruiting rate of 10 years old Amomum tsaoko were evidently less than the 4 years old Amomum tsaoko, which was the main cause of 10 years old Amomum tsaoko production reduction. Therefore, increasing the number of ears per plant and fruiting rate to improve plant yield had important significance.