不同种植年限苹果园土壤理化性质与酶活性研究

Study on the Soil Physical-chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Apple Orchards with Different Planting Years

为了评价不同年限苹果园对土壤理化性质和酶活性影响,对吉县1年、6年、8年、11年和19年苹果园土壤进行取样调查,并应用Pearson相关分析法对土壤理化性质和酶活性进行了分析。统计分析结果表明：随着种植年限的增加,果园土壤有机质、有效磷、有效铜、有效锌、有效锰及水溶性盐含量在不同深度土层（0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm）均呈先下降后上升的趋势;速效钾和全氮在上层（0~20 cm）和中层（20~40 cm）、有效铁在上层也呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。不同深度土层土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性随种植年限增加而变化的趋势与土壤养分基本一致,土壤过氧化物酶活性也与土壤有机碳、有机质、有效磷等养分含量呈显著相关。果园土壤养分随种植年限的增加大致呈现生长前期下降而盛果期上升的现象;土壤酶活性受土壤理化性质,尤其是有效磷、有机物含量等因素的影响较大。

To evaluate the effect of apple orchards with different planting years on soil physical-chemical properties and activities of soil eneyme, the study aiming soil samples were taken from apple orchards for 1year, 6 years, 8 years, 11 years, 19 years in Jixian was conducted to survey, and the correlativity between soil physical-chemical properties and activities of soil enzyme was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. The statistical analysis indicated that with the time of planting increasing, the content of soil organic matter,available P, Cu, Zn, Mn and water-soluble salt firstly declined and then increased in different depths of soil layers （0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm） in apple orchards; the soil available K and total N had a firstly decrease and then increase trend in upper layer （0-20 cm）, which was as the same tendency as in middle layer （20-40 cm）; the soil available Fe firstly declined and then increased in upper layer （0-20 cm）. The activities of urease, invertase had the same trend with soil nutrients in different depths of soil layers, and the activity of catalase had a significant correlation with soil organic carbon, organic matter and available P. With the time of planting increasing, soil nutrient content generally renders the phenomenon which decline in early growth stage and then rose in full bearing period. Soil enzyme activity was greatly affected by soil physical-chemical properties, especially by available P, organic matter content and other factors.