不同炭基肥料对小白菜硝酸盐含量、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Biochar-based Fertilizer on Nitrate Content, Yield and Quality of Cabbage

利用生物质炭与化肥混合制成的生物质炭基肥料进行田间试验,比较炭基肥料对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响以及不同原料生物质炭基的肥效差异。选择小麦秸秆炭、花生壳炭、棉花秸秆炭3种炭基肥料,炭基肥养分含量为37%,N:P2O5:K2O=18:9:10。以普通复合肥为对照,总养分为45%,N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15。结果表明,与普通复合肥相比,麦秸秸秆炭基肥处理使小白菜硝酸盐含量显著降低了35.38%,可溶性糖含量提高31.12%,维生素C含量提高31.55%。同时施用的小麦秸秆炭基肥在总养分含量比普通复合肥减少18%的条件下,小白菜的产量显著提高了45.03%。而花生壳炭基肥和棉花秸秆炭基肥处理效果不明显。因此,小麦秸秆炭基肥有望成为有效的降低小白菜的硝酸盐含量、提高品质和产量的新型环保肥料。

Composting biochar and chemical fertilizer, field trial were carried out to compare the effect of various biochar-based composts on vegetable nitrate content and the differences of their fertilizer effect. There were 3 treatments including wheat straw derived （WBF）, peanut shell derived （PBF） and cotton straw derived （CBF） biochar-based fertilizer, the total nutrient was 37%, with N：P2O5：K2O=18：9：10 in this trial, and control experiment with the application of normal compound fertilizer, the total nutrient was 45%, with N：P2O5：K2O=15：15：15 was set to drive the comparisons. Compared to normal compound fertilizer, WBF decreased the nitrate content in cabbage by 35.38%, increased soluble sugar content by 31.12% and vitamin C by 31.55%.Meanwhile, the cabbage yield was increased by 45.03% with the application of WBC compared to compound fertilizer though the nutrient content in WBF was less than that in compound fertilizer by 18%. However, the effect of PBF and CBF were not obvious compared to compound fertilizer. Therefore, WBF was expected to become a new environment-friendly fertilizer to decrease nitrate content in vegetable and increase the quality and yield.