贵州刺梨气候适宜性研究

Study on Climatic Suitability of Rosa roxburghii Tratt in Guizhou

为了找出影响刺梨产量和品质的主导气象因子,并划分贵州刺梨气候适宜性区域,笔者在贵州6个地州市设置20个试验观测样地,对气象实测资料、物候观测资料、刺梨果实品质资料、野生刺梨资源分布状况调查资料进行整理分析。结果表明:5—8月平均气温、7月平均气温、3—10月≥10℃活动积温、3—8月降水量是影响刺梨产量和品质的主导气象因子,刺梨单果均重和单果平均直径随着3—8月降水量的增加而增加,降水量过多或过低都不利于VC和SOD的合成;5—8月均温和3—10月≥10℃活动积温过高或过低,都不利于水溶性总糖和还原糖的合成,并通过0.05的显著性检验。根据刺梨分布区域的气候资料,对通过80%的保证率进行统计,进行刺梨气候适宜性指标建立和适宜性区划结果分析,区划结果为:在贵州省中部,毕节地区的大部分县市,西南部的部分地区,遵义市北部的部分县份为刺梨最适生区;在贵州省的西北部、西南部等边缘地区、黔东南部分地区为刺梨次适生区,其余地区为适生区。

In order to find out the dominant weather factors of production and quality of Rosa roxburghii Tratt,divide the climate suitability region of Rosa roxburghii Tratt in Guizhou. The author took 20 growing places of Rosa roxburghii Tratt in Guizhou as samples, then investigated their distribution conditions, observed their phenophase, analyzed the degree of drought disaster and tested their qualities. According to the agro-climatic similarity theory, through the analysis of climate conditions on the quality of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, the results showed that： average temperature from May to August, average temperature in July, total precipitation from March to August, and the accumulated temperature≥10℃ in growth period had very important influence on Rosa roxburghii Tratt＇s quality. The weight and diameter of Rosa roxburghii Tratt increased with the increase of total precipitation from March to August, precipitation too much or too low were detrimental to the synthesis of VC and SOD,average temperature from May to August and the accumulated temperature≥10℃ too high or too low were detrimental to the synthesis of water soluble total sugar and reducing sugar. According to suitable climate data of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, then the author drafted zoning map of eco-climatic suitability by 80%guarantee rate statistics. Divisions as follows： suitable areas were central Guizhou Province, most of BijieDistrict, southwest parts of Guizhou, north of Zunyi City; non-suitalbe areas were marginal areas of the northwest and southwest of Guizhou Province, part of southeast in Guizhou.