基于土地利用变化的额济纳绿洲生态系统服务价值研究

Study on Ecosystem Service Values Based on Land Use Change in Ejina Oasis

近年来,额济纳绿洲土地利用变化很大,研究土地利用变化下的生系统服务价值变化情况,可以为区域生态环境的保护和恢复提供科学依据。基于1987年、1999年和2009年3期土地利用/覆盖类型数据,结合研究区实际,在对中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表进行空间异质性修正和区域差异性修正的基础上,分析了额济纳绿洲土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值与结构的影响。结果表明:在1987—2009年间,额济纳绿洲生态系统服务价值呈现先减少后增加的趋势,由1987年的79.32亿元减少到1999年的75.52亿元,再增加到2009年的78.14亿元。林地、草地、耕地、水体和荒漠等各类土地面积变化与其价值量变化表现出很大的相似性,说明面积的变化会带来其生态系统服务价值的变化。对比各类土地利用面积率和其对绿洲总价值量的贡献率,林地、草地和水体以占研究区10%的面积,贡献了95%的价值量,体现了它们在生态系统服务方面的巨大价值。各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数均小于1,表明其对生态系统的价值变化是缺乏弹性的。

In recent years there were severe variations in land use of Ejina Oasis. Studies on the variation state of its ecosystem service value could supply scientific basis for protection and restoration of regional eco-environment. Based on the land-used basic data from 1987, 1999, 2009, combined with the research area＇ s actual situation, revised the values per unit area of ecosystem services in China, the effects of land use change on ecosystem service values and functions of Ejina Oasis in 1987 to 2009 were analyzed. The results showed that： the ecosystem service values had a changing trend of first decrease and then increased during 1987 to 2009. The total value of ecosystem services decreased from 79.32x 108 Yuan in 1987 to 75.52x 108 Yuan, then increased to 78.14x 108 Yuan in 2009. Area change of forest, grass land, crop land, water body, desert and its＇ values had been changed very similarity. This indicated different land use area change was the key influence factors of ecosystem service values variation in Ejina. Comparison analyzed on the ratio of land use change and the ratio of values contributions, forest, grass land and water body contributed 95% values by 10% area. This proved its＇ tremendous effect on ecosystem serviee values. For the various land use patterns, the coefficients of sensitivity of their ecosystem service value were all less than 1, which indicated that the changes in the value of ecosystem was lack of flexibility.