古尔班通沙漠南缘11种植被的土壤理化差异性研究

Physical and Chemical Differences of 11 Vegetation-soil Types in Southern Gurbantunggut Desert

为了研究古尔班通沙漠边缘脆弱的生态环境中不同植被的土壤特征，为该区域的生态环境保护提供理论支持，选取了11种典型植被类型的土壤水分、pH、有机质、八大离子等指标，通过主成分分析、作图比较等方法对土壤理化性质进行研究分析。该区域土壤盐分类型主要是氯化物、硫酸盐；鸡爪芦苇和盐节木的含水量最高，在23％左右、骆驼刺和苦豆子的含水量最低，平均为8％；各样地土壤pH在7．9～9．07之间。呈碱性和强碱性；含盐量：含盐量均大于10g／kg，为强盐渍化土，盐节木〉柽柳≈鸡爪芦苇≈白刺〉大叶补血草〉芦苇〉叉毛蓬≈骆驼刺≈苦豆子〉芨芨草〉骆驼蓬；有机质含量总体较低，介于4．99～55．23g／kg；土壤平均总碱度值普遍高于0．3cmol／kg，均为碱化土；土壤sAR的变化趋势和全盐含量的趋势相似。不同植被条件下土壤理化性质及垂直分布态势各异，不同区域沙漠的治理需要因地制宜。

The aims were to find out the characteristics of different vegetation soil at the edge of southern Gurbantunggut Desert with the fragile ecological environment, and provide the theory support for the protection of the ecological environment of the region. Selected 11 kinds of typical vegetation type＇ s soil moisture, pH, organic matter and eight ion indicators, Studied their soil physical and chemical properties by principal component analysis and drawing comparison method. The primary salt types were chlorides, sulphates; Agropyron mongogcum Keng and Haloenemum strobilaeeum （Pall.） Bieb had the highest moisture content, at around 23%, Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. and Sophora alopecuroides Linn. were the lowest, an average of 8%; all kinds of soil pH were from 7.9 to 9.07, strong alkaline and alkaline; salt content： Salt content were not less than 10 g/kg that belongs to the strong soil salinization, Halocnemum strobilaceum （Pall.） Bieb.〉Tamarix tennissima Nakai ≈ Agropyron mongolicum Keng≈ Nitraria 〉 Limonium gmelinii〉Phragmites australis （Cav.） Trin. ex Steud〉 petrosimonia A1hagi sparsifolia Shap. 〉Sophora alopeeuroides Linn. 〉 〉 A ehnatberum splendens （Trin.） Nevski〉Peganurn harmala Linn.; organic matter content was generally low, ranging from 4.99 g/kg to 55.23 g/kg; the average soil total alkalinity values were higher than that of 0.3 cmol/kg, were alkalized soil; the change trend of soil SAR and total salt content trend were similarity.