黄河三角洲盐胁迫对不同品种菊芋幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

Effects of Salt Stresses on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Helianthus tuberosus Seedlings in Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲地区盐碱土地面积大,一般农作物很难生长,旨在研究菊芋在土壤盐胁迫下的性状表现,培育优良菊芋品系,对开发利用当地盐碱土地资源具有重要意义。以田间试验方法,对不同品系菊芋(‘莱芋’、‘南芋一号’、‘徽芋’)进行轻、中盐碱胁迫处理,研究不同盐胁迫对菊芋幼苗期生物量及耐盐生理指标的影响。中度盐胁迫对各品种菊芋幼苗株高、地上部与根鲜重及干重、叶片叶绿素与可溶性蛋白含量均有一定的抑制。在轻、中盐胁迫下‘莱芋’的株高及生物量均显著高于其他品种;在轻度盐土地上‘莱芋’叶绿素含量最高,而在中度盐土地上‘南芋一号’的叶绿素和蛋白质含量最高。中度盐胁迫使各品种菊芋幼苗叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量均有不同程度增高。在轻、中度盐胁迫下‘,南芋一号’POD活性均最高‘,莱芋’丙二醛含量均最低;‘莱芋’脯氨酸含量在轻度盐胁迫下最高,而‘南芋一号’脯氨酸含量在中度盐胁迫下最高。在黄河三角洲气候条件下,低度盐碱土地上‘莱芋’幼苗生长最好,中度盐碱土地上‘南芋一号’幼苗生长最好。

There is a larger of saline land areas in Yellow River Delta, and it is difficult for general crops to grow well due to salt stress. It is very significant to study Heliantbus tuberosus trait performance under salt stress and cultivate good varieties to exploiting and utilizing the saline land resources. Field experiments were carried out to study effects of mild and moderate salt stresses on the biomass and physiological characteristics of different varieties of Heliantbus tuberosus （＇ Laiyu＇, ＇ Nanyu 1＇, ＇ Huiyu＇） seedlings. The results showed that, moderate salt stress inhibited all varieties of seedlings in height, biomass of root and aerial part, the contents of leaf chlorophyll and protein to a certain extent. ＇ Laiyu＇ was higher than the others in biomass of root and aerial part in conditions of both mild and moderate salt stress. ＇ Laiyu＇ was higher than others in the content of leaf chlorophyll under mild salt stress, but the content of leaf chlorophyll and protein of ＇ Nanyu 1 ＇ was the highest under moderate salt stress. Moderate salt stress increased the activities of SOD and PoD, and the contents of MDA and praline for all varieties of seedlings. In conditions of both mild and moderate salt stress, POD of ＇Nanyu 1＇ was most activity as well as the content of MDA of ＇ Laiyu＇ was the least. The content of proline of ＇ Laiyu＇ was the highest under mild salt stress; otherwise, ＇ Nanyu 1 ＇ was the highest in the content of proline under moderate salt stress. Under the climate conditions of Yellow River Delta, ＇Laiyu＇ seedling showed stronger adaption in mild saline-soil, meanwhile the growth of ＇Nanyul＇ seedling was best in moderate saline-soil.