植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因研究进展

Advance on the Fertility Restorer Gene of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plant

杂种优势已广泛应用于农业生产,这其中主要依靠细胞质雄性不育系统。细胞质雄性不育"三系"是杂交种选育的基础材料。其中,强恢复系的选育非常繁琐,且恢复力只能通过与不育系的测交来鉴定,既耗时又费力,因此,人们对育性恢复基因进行了大量的研究。本研究归纳了恢复基因的结构特征、作用机理、遗传模式、基因定位及克隆上的研究进展和存在问题。认为随着二代测序技术的发展,可以利用全基因组重测序和转录组测序等技术开发新型分子标记进行恢复基因精细定位,或直接通过测序技术鉴定恢复基因。这将为恢复系的分子标记辅助选育和利用基因工程手段人工改良和创制恢复系提供帮助,也将为研究细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传、进化和特征,全面解析植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复机理奠定基础。

Heterosis has been widely used in agricultural production, which relies mainly on the cytoplasmic male sterility System. Cytoplasmic male sterility ＂three-lines＂ are the basic materials for hybrid breeding. Breeding for the strong restorer line is very complicated and restoring ability can only be identified by testcross with the male sterile line, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, researchers do a lot of studies on the fertility restorer gene. This paper summarized the restorer gene structural features, mechanism of action, mode of inheritance, gene mapping and cloning research and concluded that with the development of second-generation sequencing technology, it could be used the whole genome re-sequencing and RNA-seq technologies to develop new molecular markers for fine mapping of genes, or directly cloning restorer genes. It would play an important role to marker-assisted breeding and production of new restorer lines by genetic engineering. It also would lay a foundation for exploring the fertility restoration mechanism by studying the inheritance, evolution and characteristics of restorer gene.