轮轨匹配对高速列车动力学性能的影响

Effect of wheel-track matching on dynamics performance of high speed train

比较国内LMA,S1002G,XP55和LM等4种踏面与标准钢轨CHN60匹配的接触几何特征,通过SIMPACK建立高速动车组拖车模型,分析不同的轮轨匹配对高速列车动力学性能的影响.重力刚度小的踏面对中性差,容易产生低频大幅蛇行运动;重力刚度大的踏面对中性好,容易产生高频小幅蛇行运动.若踏面等效重力刚度在小横移量时存在"凹槽",车辆系统在特定悬挂参数下将出现超临界分岔;踏面等效重力刚度随轮对横移缓慢增大,车辆系统将出现亚临界分岔.超临界分岔有利于对车辆的安全平稳状态进行实时监控;亚临界分岔车辆的安全平稳性不可预测、不可控制.大锥度踏面有利于抑制车体的1阶蛇行共振.

The contact geometric characteristics of matching of standard rail CHN60 with four domestic treads including LMA, S1002G, XP55 and LM are compared. The effect of different wheel-track matching on high speed train dynamics performance are analyzed by building high speed motor train unit trailer model by SIMPACK. The alignability of low gravity stiffness tread is worse, which easily produces low frequency hunting with large amplitude. The alignability of high gravity stiffness tread is better, which easily produces high frequency hunting with small amplitude. If a ＂groove＂ exists in the tread equivalent gravity stiffness under small shift, the vehicle system may produce supercritical bifurcation under specified suspension parameters; while the equivalent gravity stiffness slowly increases with the increase of wheelset shift, the vehicle system may produce subcritical bifurcation. The supercritical bifurcation vehicle is conductive to the real-time safety supervision on riding comfort states of vehicle, but the safety and stability of the vehicle with subcritical bifurcation system can not be predicted and controlled. The tread with large conicity is conducive to controling the first-order hunting resonance of vehicle body.