毛泽东读史的独特视角及其当代启示

Mao Zedong's Unique View on Reading History and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

毛泽东读史的视角非常独特,他总是从别人意想不到的地方提出问题,加以剖析,发掘出新意,并且又不受古人的局限,既有继承,又有发展,形成了他个人独特的风格。而这种独特的风格主要由五个方面的要素构成:在读史方式上不拘泥于室内空间,毅然走出书斋,融入社会,走的是"游历读史"之路;在读史体裁上突破了条条框框的限制,使历史小说超越了一般意义上的小说,而是成为反映当时社会的"更深层次"的史学著作;在读史方法上,诗史互读将诗与史高度地融合,让诗浓缩多彩的历史画卷,而让史阐释诗的微言大义;在读史内容上,将触角伸入到被传统史家忽视的下层空间,关注方志、村史、家史的研究,充分肯定人民群众是历史的创造者;在读史的范畴上,读报是在读史,这是因为"报纸是活的历史"。毛泽东对读史的方式、体裁、方法、内容和范畴进行延伸、拓展和深化,实际上是他空间观念强烈的一种表现。从毛泽东读史的独特视角中,我们可以获得深刻的历史启示和教益,即读史要坚持理论与实践的统一、求真与致用的统一以及继承与创新的统一。

Mao Zedong took a very special angle in reading history. He would always raise questions uncontemplated by others, and would try to seek something new on the basis of analysis. Besides, he would not be restricted by the ancient views ,from whom he inherited beneficial ones while developed something new by himself. Therefore he formed a unique style of his own, which consists of the following five factors. First, as far as the manner is concerned, he took a so-called ＂reading history in traveling＂ way, i.e., he would not confine himself in his study when reading history. On the contrary, he involved himself actively in the society. Second, he broke the confinement of the style of the history books, preferring profound history works to history novels. Third, he highly incorporated poetry with history because poetry are condensed historical picture scroll while history works can fully explain the sublime words with deep meaning of poetry. Fourth, he took special interest in reading local topography, village history and family history, which are often neglected by traditional historians, and fully affirmed the view that masses are the creator of history. Last, he equated reading newspapers with reading history because in his eyes ＂newspapers are living history＂. Mao Zedong extends and deepens the manners, styles, methods, content and categories in reading history, which reflected that he has a very strong sense in space. From the special angle of reading history by Mao Zedong, we can get some profound enlightenment and instruction-- sticking to the principle of integrating theory and practice, seeking truth and pragmatism, inheritance and creativity in reading history.