从《拓荒者》看库珀的生态伦理意识

Conflicts Between Civilization and Barbarism: Cooper's Ecological Ethics in The Pioneers

库珀著名边疆小说《拓荒者》展示了"皮袜子"纳蒂·班波及土著印第安人"原始野蛮"的生活方式同白人拓荒者"先进文明"社会之间不可避免的冲突。"先进文明"的拓荒者变成了"野蛮人,""原始野蛮"的印第安人却是真正的"文明人"。而纳蒂·班波"白皮红骨"的形象进一步表明要实现人类真正的发展,就应以尊重和维护自然发展为前提,以人与自然、人类自身的和谐共生为目的,走持续发展的生态和谐之路。

Cooper＇s The Pioneers tells the inevitable conflicts between the Leather-stocking, Natty Bumppo and the native Indians＇ primitive and barbarous life style and the civilized society built by the pioneers. In the conflicts, the advanced and civilized pioneers become barbarians, while the uncivilized native Indians become true civilized people. And the image of Natty Bumppo, the ideal hero who is white in skin but red in the mind, proves that if we hope to.have a better development, we should respect nature and protect nature, focus on the relationship between human beings and nature, as well as human beings themselves, and live a well-sustained and ecologically harmonious life.