美国油页岩原位开采技术与启示

Enlightenment of American′s oil shale in-situ retorting technology

油页岩的开发利用越来越受到世界各国的重视。随着环保压力的增大,油页岩原位开采已成为未来油页岩商业化大规模开采的必然发展趋势。我国油页岩资源开发利用较早,但都是环境污染较大的地面开采方式。通过对比中美两国油页岩的地质特征和埋藏条件的不同,介绍美国土地管理局为油页岩原位开采技术的商业化推广而在美国绿河组的RD&D项目投标情况和各大石油公司在该地区现场先导试验的最新进展,以及对壳牌ICP技术、雪佛龙CRUSH技术、美国页岩油公司CCR技术和埃克森美孚Electrofrac技术的对比,为我国油页岩原位开采技术的研发拓展思路,也为我国进入油页岩等非常规油气资源的大规模开采阶段提供重要的借鉴意义。

Oil shale is one of the most alternative energy except of coal, oil and natural gas. How to develop and use it, have attracted more and more attention in many countries. Taking into account issues such as environmental pollution, in-situ retorting technology has been the trend of large-scale commercialization ofoil shale in the future. China has produced the oil shale for a long time, but all of them were developed by means of surface retorting, resulting in a technical gas of in-situ retorting. In order to promote the commercialization of oil shale in-situ retorting technology, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management initiated two oil shale development program and solicited applications for Research, Development and Demonstration （RD＆D） in the Green River Formation. This paper also introduces the latest progress of the pilot projects of the major oil companies in this region. By comparing and analyzing the Shell ICP technology, Chevron CRUSH technology, American Shale Oil company CCR technology, and ExxonMobil Electrofrac technology, not only expand the ideas for oil shale in-situ retorting technology, but also provide references for large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources.