从四首诗词看唐代舞马形象的变迁

The Image of Dance Horse Viewing from Four Poems

舞马最晚于三国时期从西域传入中国,到唐玄宗时期,舞马活动形成规模并掀起高潮,唐后则在中原大地消失。随着唐朝的兴衰,不同时期的文人从各自的时代背景和解读视角出发,塑造出多种多样的舞马形象。盛唐时期张说的《舞马千秋万岁乐府词》、安史之乱时杜甫的《斗鸡》、中晚唐时期陆龟蒙的《舞马》以及唐亡之后宋代诗人徐积的《舞马诗》,均对唐代舞马进行了细致生动的描写,舞马亦随这四首诗词经历了从天马到祸马、谀马再到悲马的形象流变。

The dance horse is first introduced from the western regions to China in the period of Three Kingdoms, and comes to a boom at Emperor Xuanzong＇ s time in Tang Dynasty, and then disappears in the late Tang Dynasty. With the prosperity and decline of Tang Dynasty, various images of dance horses are created form different perspectives by poets from different periods and backgrounds. All like Zhang Shuo＇ s ＂Long Live Dancing Horse in Yuefu Poems＂ written in the glorious Tang Dynastry; Du Fu＇ s ＂Gamecock＂ composed during the Rebellion of An and Shi; Lu Guimeng＇s ＂The Dance Horse＂ written in the middle and late Tang Dynasty; Xu Ji＇ s ＂The Dance Horse Poetry＂ written in the Song Dynasty have described the dance horse in detail and vividly. The images of the dance horse has varied from the skyhorse to the curse horse, to the flattery horse and to the griefhorse because of the above four poems.