基于NMR代谢组学技术的不同产地黄芪水溶性浸出物化学组成分析

NMR-based analysis of water soluble extracts of different Astragali Radix

水溶性浸出物是黄芪质量评价的重要指标。本研究对山西野生黄芪和甘肃栽培黄芪的浸出物含量和化学组成进行了比较。首先参照《中国药典》附录测定两种黄芪的浸出物含量,然后对浸出物进行核磁共振分析,采用聚类分析、主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法分析、微阵列分析以及Spearman rank相关分析等多种统计分析方法找出两种黄芪浸出物的差异成分,并对差异成分之间的相关系数进行分析。结果显示,栽培黄芪的浸出物含量(37.80%)明显高于野生黄芪(32.13%)。核磁图谱显示黄芪浸出物中含有的主要成分为蔗糖,此外还含有氨基酸、有机酸等其他18种物质。多种统计分析结果显示,山西野生黄芪浸出物中含有较多的胆碱、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、谷氨酸、牛磺酸和天冬氨酸,甘肃栽培黄芪浸出物中含有较多的蔗糖、精氨酸和富马酸。此外,两种黄芪差异成分之间的相关系数也存在较大差异。本研究结果表明,山西野生和甘肃栽培黄芪的浸出物不仅在含量上有差别,而且在化学组成上也有显著差异,说明生长方式对药材的质量会产生较大影响。本研究为中药材浸出物的比较提供了一种新的思路。

Water soluble extract （WSE） is an important index for the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix （AR）. In this study, the WSE of the wild AR from Shanxi province （SX） and the cultivated AR from Gansu Province （GS） were compared. The WSEs of two types of AR were determined according to the appendix of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Then the WSEs were subjected to NMR analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using HCA, PCA, OPLS-DA, microarray analysis, and Spearman rank analysis. In addition, the Pearson correlation of differential metabolites were also calculated. The results showed that the WSE content of GS-AR （37.80%） was higher than that of SX-AR （32.13%）. The main constituent of WSE was sucrose, and other 18 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, were also detected. Multivariate analysis revealed that SX-AR contained more choline, succinic acid, citric acid, glutamate, taurine and aspartate, while GS samples contained more sucrose, arginine and fumaric acid. In addition, the Pearson correlations between different metabolites of the two types of AR also showed apparent differences. The results suggested that the WSE of two types of AR differs not only in the content, but also in the chemical compositions. Thus, the cultivation way is important to the quality of AR. This study supplied a new method for the comparison of extract of herbal drugs.