江苏连云港藤花落遗址孢粉记录研究

POLLEN RECORDS OF TENGHUALUO SITE IN LIANYUNGANG CITY, JIANGSU PROVINCE

对江苏连云港藤花落遗址两个剖面的55个样品进行孢粉分析，对比Rb／Sr，结果表明：1）龙山文化出现之前，银杏科、胡桃科、榆属、常绿栎属、桑属百分含量高，松属、云杉属少，莎草科含量很高，藜、蒿花粉含量很低，植被特征以落叶阔叶树为主。2）龙山文化早期，木本花粉含量逐渐降低直至处于低谷期，草本花粉逐渐占主导。胡桃、枫杨、落叶栎、桑等阔叶树数量显著减少，松的数量显著增加，草本花粉中藜科、蒿属含量少，莎草科、香蒲属数量仍较高，此时植被特征为含少量针叶树种的落叶阔叶林，林下草本植物繁盛。Rb／Sr较低，推测该阶段可能存在显著的降温；草本花粉中，禾本科花粉占主导地位，说明人类活动影响显著；木本花粉百分含量、Rb／Sr变化波动较大，可能存在气候突变事件。3）在龙山文化之间的自然沉积层，乔木和灌木数量增加，草本数量减少，木本植物占优势。落叶栎、栗、榆、桑含量高，出现常绿栎，莎草科数量很低，水龙骨数量多，此时为含常绿树种的落叶阔叶树为主的植被特征。4）龙山文化晚期，木本植物占优势。在乔木和灌木植物中，榆属、常绿栎属、落叶栎属、枫杨属数量较高，含少量的银杏科、松属；草本植物中，藜科、蒿属植物数量少，莎草科植物含量高，反映了含常绿成分的亚热带落叶阔叶林景观，此时，Rb／Sr值较高，因此推测此时的气候较温暖湿润。5）藤花落遗址地层记录了4500～4000aB．P．植被与气候环境信息，响应于中国东部季风区中晚全新世转型期间由暖湿转向温凉干燥的气候环境变化特点。

As one of the typical Neolithic sites in the Huaihe River valley,Tenghualuo site（34°41 ＇00＂N, 119°20＇30＂E） , with elevation of 6-7m, is located in the fluvial plain between the South Yuntai Mountain and the North Yuntai Mountain in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province. According to the excavated materials and 14C dating results, the site spans Longshan Culture（ 4500- 4200aB. P. ） mainly. To study the possible information of regional vegetation, climate and human activities,two profiles（07LTT1 and 07LTT2）of the site were chosen for pollen analysis. Totally 55 pollen samples were analyzed. Compared to the changes of Rb/Sr,these results were given：（ 1 ）Before the Longshan Culture arose, Ginkgoaceae, Juglans, Ulmus, Quercus （ D ） and Morus are dominant, while Pinus and Picea were little. In herbs, Cyperaeeae was abundant, while Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia are rare. The vegetation characteristic is deciduous hardwood. （2）During the early period of Longshan Culture, arboreal trees decreased gradually to a trough and herbs became dominant. In trees and shrubs, Juglans, Pterocarya, Quercus （D） and Morus are significantly reduced ,while Pinus increases dramatically. In herbs, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia are less while Cyperaceae and Typha are more. The vegetation characteristic is deciduous broad-leaved containing a small amount of conifer with many herbaceous plants under the trees. During this period ,Rb/Sr is low,indicating a significant cooling event. Gramineae is dominant in herb pollen, showing remarkable human activity effect. The fluctuant changes of woody pollen percentage and Rb/Sr may show abrupt climate events. （3）During the natural layer of Longshan Culture,trees and shrubs increased while herbs decreased. In woody plants, Quercus（D） ,Castanea, Ulmus and Morus were abundant,while evergreen oaks arose. In addition,Cyperaceae is low,and Polypodiaceae is high. Vegetation was deciduous broad-leaved containing evergreen tree species during this period. （4）In the late period of Longshan Culture, woody plants play a significant role, in which Ulmus, Quercus （ E）, Quercus （D） and Pterocarya are more while Ginkgoaceae and Pinus are rare. In herbs, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia are less while Cyperaceae is more. Typical landscape of subtropical deciduous broadleaf forests showed during this period. In addition, high Rb/Sr also indicates a warm and humid climate. （5）Pollen of Tenghualuo site recorded vegetation and climate environment information during 4500-4000aB. P., in response to climate and environment changes from warm and wet period to cool and dry period in the East Asian monsoon area during the Mid-Late Holocene transition.