日本大学毕业生就业市场的供需错位问题分析

An Analysis of the Dislocation between Demand and Supply of University Graduates Employment Market in Japan

日本产业布局处于调整期,企业迫切面临转型,企业人才需求的标准也在逐渐变化,大学教学及经营面临改革。如此背景之下,日本大学毕业生就业难的问题愈加突显。基于日本政府相关部门公布的数据,分析发现企业与大学生之间存在诸多错位,如企业规模因素影响下的人才供求、企业人才需求标准的新变化等;企业与大学之间也同样存在错位,如宽松的大学教育体系与严格的企业招聘、产学间在教学环节的分歧等。这些供需间的种种错位问题形成了大学毕业生就业市场的结构性矛盾,成为青年劳动力就业困难的重要原因。

In circumstances of industrial distribution adjustment, of enterprises＇ urgent demand for transforma tion, of gradual changing standards of enterprises＇demand for talents, and of reforms of university teaching and management, it is more and more obvious the problem of university graduates employment in Japan. Based on the data published by related departments of Japan＇s government,this paper argues that there lie many disloca tions between enterprises and university graduates, for example, the talents demand and supply under the enter prises scale influence and new changes of talents demand standards. There also lie dislocations between enter prises and universities, such as divergence between relax university education system and strict enterprise re cruitment and divergence of teaching link between industry and academy. All sorts of dislocations between sup ply and demand form the structural contradictions in university graduates employment market regarded as the crucial factors affecting youth labor force employment.