社区中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化影响因素分析

Analysis of contributory factors to elderly carotid atherosclerosis in community

目的了解北京市朝阳区大屯社区中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化情况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究的方法,选取大屯社区40岁以上居民804人(男性259人,女性545人),进行颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的筛查,采用颈动脉超声检测颈动脉是否存在动脉粥样硬化病变,记录高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(以下简称冠心病)、高血脂、吸烟等危险因素的发生情况。结果本地区人群颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的检出率为78.6%,其中40～59岁年龄组检出率为68.8%,60～85岁年龄组检出率为84.8%。年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒和高密度脂蛋白水平是影响该人群颈动脉粥样硬化严重程度的因素。结论大屯地区居民随年龄增长,颈动脉粥样硬化发生率逐渐增加,且男性高于女性。应通过戒烟限酒降低颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率。高密度脂蛋白水平是防止颈动脉粥样硬化的保护性因素。

Objective To investigate status and contributory factors of carotid atherosclerosis in middle age to elderly population in DatuM community by Chaoyang District in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, 804 residents（male：259; female： 545） above 40 years of age in DatuM community were selected. Subjects were screened for carotid atherosclerosis plaque, determined whether atherosclerosis plaque has existed in carotid artery using ultrasound, recorded the incident rate of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking. Results The detection rate of carotid atherosclerosis plaque in this community was 78.6%, among this, the detection rate was 68.8% in 40 -59 years old group, 84.8% in 60- 85 years old group. The contributory factors to the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in this population included age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking as well as value of high density lipoprotein. Conclusion In DatuM community, the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis increased gradually with age, and incidence of male was higher than that of female. It is necessary to make smokers give up smoking and control alcohol drinking, to reduce the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis. High density lipoprotein is one protective factor of carotid atherosclerosis.