基于复杂度分级的航天员操作训练方法研究

Research on Method of Astronauts' Operation Training Based on Complexity Classification

目的比较不同复杂度水平操作训练任务下志愿者使用不同训练方法后的绩效差异,为提高航天员操作训练效率提供依据。方法 9名志愿者进行高、中、低3种复杂度水平,常规、回馈和整合3种训练方法,共18个模拟航天操作单元操作训练。分别对初训阶段和复训阶段的不同任务复杂度水平下,3种训练方法间志愿者平均操作时间和操作错误数进行比较。结果 1)初训阶段,不同任务复杂度水平下,志愿者应用3种方法训练后的操作绩效间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2)复训阶段,对于中、低复杂度水平的操作任务,不同训练方法下志愿者的平均操作时间和错误数之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);对于高复杂度水平的操作任务,不同训练方法下志愿者的平均操作时间和错误数之间差异显著(P=0.005和P<0.001),且回馈和整合训练方法下志愿者的平均操作时间和错误数均明显少于常规训练方法(P<0.05)。结论回馈和整合训练方法更适用于高复杂度水平的操作任务训练,低复杂度水平的操作任务训练,使用常规训练方法即可。

Objective To provide a basis for improving the effectiveness of astronauts＇ operation training by comparing the participants＇ performance after using different training methods in operation training tasks with different complexity levels. Methods Nine participants performed 18 spacecraft operation units being divided into 3 complexity levels by using routine training method, feedback training method and integrated training method. The average operation times and operation errors of operation tasks of different complexity levels at the first training stage and at the final training stage by using different training methods were compared. Results 1 ） At the first training stage, no significant difference of operation performance existed among these three training methods with regard to operations of different complexity levels （P 〉 O. 05 ）. 2） At the final training stage, there was no significant difference of the average operation time and errors among these three training methods with regard to operations of middle and low complexity level （ P 〉 0.05 ）. However, the difference of the average operation time and errors among these three training methods with regard to operations of high com- plexity level was significant （P =0. 005 and P 〈0. 001 ）. The average operation time and errors by using feed- back training method and integrated training method was significantly less than those by using routine training method （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Feedback training method and integrated training method are more suitable for operation training of high complexity level. For operation training of low complexity level, routine training method is suitable.