高度近视遗传学的研究进展

Recent advances in genetics of high myopia

高度近视在亚洲国家乃至全球都被认为是严重的公共卫生问题。它是导致低视力及盲的遗传性眼病之一,遗传因素对其致病性起主要作用,科学家们通过各种基因检测方法试图定位出高度近视的致病基因位点,并筛查出其致病基因,然而具体致病基因仍未找到。本文就高度近视的病因、遗传模式、基因定位的检测方法等方面的新进展作一综述。

High myopia is considered a serious public health problem in Asian countries and in the world. It is one of the leading genetic eye diseases that may cause low vision and blindness. Genetic factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. Scientists are trying to pinpoint the myopic gent loci and to screen out the disease-cansing genes through a variety of genetic testing methods. However, we still did not find specific disease-causing genes. In this paper, the cause, genetic models and gene locations of high myopia, and recent advance in detection methods are reviewed.