重建与转型:1884-1911年新疆城市发展刍议

Reconstruction and Transformation: on Urban Development of Xinjiang from 1884 to 1911

晚清西北边疆危机下,阿古柏等内乱使新疆城市损毁殆尽。戡乱后,清政府为保疆固边,从1884至1911年间采取了诸如新疆建省、新政改革等一系列政策措施,新疆城市获得了一个重要的"黄金"发展时期。特别值得关注的是,此次城市重建并非简单的封建传统城市建筑恢复,在整个中国城市近代化转型背景下,新疆城市重建不可避免地在城市自然结构和社会结构等方面都悄然发生着转型式变迁,尽管规模较小或不显著,但仍称得上是新疆城市近代化转型的基础和肇始,其意义不可忽视。

The northwest frontier crisis caused by Yaqub Beg in the late Qing dynasty destroyed cities in Xinjiang. Having suppressed the rebellion, the Qing government took such measures as establishing a province in Xinjiang and adopting new policies from 1884 to 1911 in order to consolidate the border. Cities in Xinjiang thus gained their golden time of development. It is worth mentioning that the reconstruction of cities in Xinjiang was more than a simple recovery of urban architectures. With the modernization of cities in China as its background, the reconstruction of Xinjiang demonstrates the transformation of its cities natural and social structures. Although the transformation was of small size and not so obvious, it is the base and beginning of Xinjiang cities＇ modernization and thus quite significant.