基督教传教士有关中国学校音乐教育之主张与实践——以狄就烈为例

Protestant Missionaries and Musical Pedagogy in 19th Century China——The Case of Julia B.Mateer

国内外学界通常认为近代中国有关学校音乐教育重要性问题的提出是在19世纪的最后几年，学校音乐活动的开展是在20世纪初“学堂乐歌”运动兴起之后。但是，旱在19世纪中期“五口通商”后不久，唱歌已是基督教会活动的固定项目之一。到了19世纪60年代，不仅音乐课程已成为教会中小学校教育的一个重要的组成部分，音乐教育的具体问题也已在传教士关注的焦点之内。文章以美国长老会传教士狄就烈（Julia Brown Mateer，1837—1898）的音乐教育理念与实践为焦点，探讨19世纪下半叶基督教新教传教士有关中国学校音乐教育之主张。

Prior to the rise of the ＂School Song＂ phenomenon in the 1900s, Christian missionaries and mission schools were the main, if not the only, sources of Chinese knowledge of Western music. Focusing on the pedagogical ideas and practice of an American Presbyterian, Julia B. Mateer （1837-1898） , this paper argues for reconsidering a somewhat forgotten part of Chinese musical life. The primary sources examined here are a musical primer she wrote in colloquial Chinese and used as a teaching text at her school, the Dengzhou Boys＇ School, from the mid-1860s to her death in 1898, and a speech she delivered at the Second Triennial Meeting of the Educational Association of China in Shanghai in 1896.