东晋道教仪式音乐之初步研究

An Introduction to Taoist Music of Dong Jin Dynasty

入静、灵宝斋等道教仪式音乐史料及其研究结果表明,东晋在继承东汉请神祝愿仪基础上,进行了一系列重大变革。通神得道成仙取代了治病却灾的宗旨,斋戒内修和转经诵咏取代了符祝上书等方术,咏唱乐章首次出现并用于仪式关键位置,音乐成为通神娱神的重要手段,佛教功德回向与普度众生观念的大量借鉴。这些变革构成了东晋仪式音乐的转型,并奠定了未来正统道教仪式音乐的发展方向。

Historical Taoist music materials like Ru Jing and Ling Bao Zhai shows that there are series of important reformations in Taoist ritual of Dong Jin Dynasty, while it at the same time inherited Dong Han Taoist ritual of inviting gods and vowing. A purpose of curing disease and avoiding disaster replaced that of communicating with gods and becoming immortal; fast, inner cultivation and chant sutras replaced alchemy; singing movement appeared and took a crucial position in ritual; music became an important method of communicating with and entertaining the gods; ideas like merits and delivering all living creatures from torment were borrowed from Buddhism. These are the transformation of Dong Jin Taoist ritual music, which fixed the direction of orthodox Taoist ritual music.