陕北人:民族融合酿就“米脂的婆姨绥德的汉”

A Study of the Northern Shaanxi People: “Mizhi Poyi and Suide Han from the Result of” Ethnic Fusion

陕北是原始人类栖居生息和繁衍地之一,是创造原始文化的密集区。有史以来,各民族人民蜂拥迁徙陕北,在相互友好或相互排斥的复杂过程中达到民族融合,形成了陕北人。在流迁方向上,有北方各少数民族的内迁;也有内地汉族的外移。在融合方式上,有通过战争、和亲、移民、流放、戍边军人和筑墙劳工滞留等急剧的强迫性、半强迫性的政治、军事原因,也有和平时期作为谋生方式的下层人民的被迫自觉迁徙。"徙民实边"、"走西口"的人口机械流动,十六国北朝时期的军事征服涵化,造反暴动的强制变化,稽胡、龟兹等少数民族获得内迁保护的诉求涵化,艰苦的生存环境和特殊的生存方式衍化种种,是形成现代陕北人的主要原因。

Northern Shaanxi is one of the dwelling habitats and breeding areas of the primitive people and it is an accumulated area to create primitive cultures. In history, the various nationalities flocked to migrate, and ethnic in- tegration formed in northern Shaanxi in the complex process of mutual friendship and mutual exclusion. For the mi- gration direction, the ethnic minorities in the north migrated inward; and there were also mainland Han Chinese mi- grated outwards. For the fusion method, there were sharp obsessive compulsive, semi political and military reasons by war, marriage, immigration, exile, garrison soldiers and wall building labor retention. There were also times of peace when the lower class people consciously migrate as a way to make a living. The main reasons for the forma- tion of the modern Northern Shaanxi people are population flow caused by ＂people who migrated to solid border＂, ＂moving westward＂ ; the acculturation by military conquest in the Sixteen States of Northern Dynasties; forced to change by rebel insurgency; the acculturation of the appeal to be protected by migrating inwards by the ethnic mi- norities such as Ji Hu, Qiuci; difficult living environment and special ways of life etc.