香港科技大学土工离心机先进模拟技术在岩土工程中的应用(英文)

The state-of-the-art centrifuge modelling of geotechnical problems at HKUST

研究目的:采用香港科技大学的先进土工离心模拟技术来研究和解决复杂的岩土工程问题。创新要点:1.验证竖向钻孔开挖技术(应力释放)对建筑纠偏的有效性;2.研究隧道坍塌对其邻近既有隧道的影响;3.研究基坑开挖对坑中既有桩基承载力的影响;4.揭示不同颗粒级配形成的土坡在水位上升和动力荷载作用下的破坏模式。研究方法:1.用香港科技大学全球首台离心机中的双向震动台(见图5)模拟地震荷载对土坡的影响;2.用香港科技大学全球第二台四轴机械手(见图6)模拟不停机情况下的钻孔开挖。重要结论:1.竖向钻孔开挖技术能有效地对建筑物进行纠偏;2.隧道坍塌会对其邻近既有隧道产生很大的附加弯矩,尤其是拱脚处的弯矩可增加多达228%;3.基坑开挖后坑中桩基的承载力取决于桩土接触面的粗糙程度,粗糙的桩-土接触面在剪切过程中倾向于发生剪胀,这会增大桩周围土的水平土压力,从而使桩基承载力增加;4.当水位上升时,颗粒均匀,级配差的松散砂土坡容易发生静态液化;相反地,颗粒级配好的松散砂土坡(风化土)不太可能发生静态液化,而只是发生整体滑动破坏;5.离心机双向震动台实验显示松散的风化岩土坡在0.3g的地震加速度作用下不会发生液化,可以抵御香港地区的地震荷载(0.08g到0.11g)。

Geotechnical centrifuge modelling is an advanced physical modelling technique for simulating and studying geo- technical problems. It provides physical data for investigating mechanisms of deformation and failure and for validating analytical and numerical methods. Due to its reliability, time and cost effectiveness, centrifuge modelling has often been the preferred experimental method for addressing complex geotechnical problems. In this ZENG Guo-xi Lecture, the kinematics, fundamental principles and principal applications of geotechnical centrifuge modelling are introduced. The use of the state-of-the-art geo- technical centrifuge at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology （HKUST）, China to investigate four types of com- plex geotechnical problems is reported. The four geotechnical problems include correction of building tilt, effect of tunnel collapse on an existing tunnel, excavation effect on pile capacity and liquefied flow and non-liquefied slide of loose fill slopes. By reporting major findings and new insights from these four types of centrifuge tests, it is hoped to illustrate the role of state-of-the-art geo- technical centrifuge modelling in advancing the scientific knowledge of geotechnical problems.