1949年以来中国石油进出口地位演变

The Evolution of Petroleum Import-Export Status of China Since 1949

从中国石油的生产和进出口视角,分析了1949年以来,中国石油进出口地位经历了从"净进口国"到"净出口国"再到"净进口国"三个阶段的演变。由于历史情境不同,每个阶段都具有独特的演变动力、特征和影响,1993年之后,我国对进口石油的依赖日益增加,净进口国的地位得到强化。通过三个阶段的比较分析,认为:一是当前石油进口快速增长;二是石油进口依赖度的提高对我国的综合影响逐步显现;三是应大力开发清洁能源技术和可再生资源。所得这些启示有助于中国制定合乎时代背景的石油安全战略。

This paper analyses the three-phase evolution of China＇ s petroleum import-export status since 1949： from ＂net importer＂ to ＂net exporter＂ and to ＂net importer＂ again. Due to different historical contexts, each phase takes on different characteristics in evolution drives, features and influence. China has been increasingly dependent on petroleum import since 1993, and its status as a ＂net importer＂ has been strengthened. Based on a comparative analysis about three phases, the author draws the following conclusions： At present, oil import is increasing at a rapid speed; the impacts of the increase in oil import are arising gradilally, and China should actively develop clean energy technologies and renewable resources. We hope these conclusions contribute to the making of oil security strategy which suit current situation in China.