中国经济史的结构与变迁

Structure and Evolvement of China's Economic History

每个民族国家的历史都具有独特性。中国历史的独特性是由中国历史的独特起点和历史所形成的"路径依赖"所决定的。中国社会经济史经历了四次重大变革,包括殷周变革、春秋战国变革、唐宋变革和近现代变革。这四次社会变革导致中国社会进入不同的经济发展阶段,包括封建领主经济、世族地主经济、齐民地主经济和社会主义经济。近现代变革既是中国由传统社会向现代社会的转变,更是中国社会性质的根本转变,因而经历了三次艰难选择,包括传统与现代社会之间的选择、资本主义与社会主义之间的选择和社会主义计划经济与社会主义市场经济之间的选择。中国正是沿着自己的历史轨道通过这一系列变革和选择,走出了一条中国特色的社会主义道路。

The history of every nation or country has its uniqueness, while that of China＇s his- tory lies in the unique starting point and the ＂path dependence＂ formed in history. Chi- na＇s social and economic development has undergone four major transformations in： Yin and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, Tang and Song Dynasties, as well as modern and contemporary times. Accordingly, China＇s economy also evolved into different phases： the feudal lord economy, the privileged landlord economy, the common-people landlord economy, and the socialist economy. The trans- formation in modern and contemporary China marked the transition from a traditional Chinese society to a modern one, involving fundamental changes in the nature of the so- ciety. In this process, three tough choices were made： modern society over traditional society, socialism over capitalism, and socialist economy. Through these transitions and choices to socialism with Chinese characteristics. market economy over socialist planned in history, China paved its unique way