西藏青稞研究现状及品种遗传改良进展

urrent Research Status of Tibetan Barley varieties and Progress in Genetic Improvement

概述了西藏传统的青稞四大类产区:冬青稞区、冬春青稞兼种区、春青稞区和高寒早熟青稞区。介绍了青稞主要性状遗传规律。分析了西藏青稞育成品种的优点与不足。认为新育成的青稞品种产量潜力提高、品质明显改良,抗倒性、抗病性增强,但也存在遗传基础狭窄,产量水平不够突出,品质不过硬等问题。对今后的青稞育种提出了改进和完善意见。

Naked barley is called ＂Qingke＂ in Tibetan. This paper summarized four major traditional Qingke producing zones in Tibet which are spring Qingke zone, winter Qingke zone, winter and spring Qingke zone, and plateau early spring Qingke zone. This paper also introduced genetic rules of Qingke＇s main characteristics, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of Tibetan new Qingke cultivars. It is recognized that the yield potential and quality of Qingke cuhivars have been markedly improved while its lodging resistance and disease resistance have been enhanced. However, these new varieties still have some problems such as narrow genetic background, not prominent production levels, and not very excellent quality so on. Therefore, some suggestions were proposed for future improvement in Qingke breeding.