汉语词序的动因探究——以“上下”和“阴阳”为例

Research of the Cause of the Chinese Word's Order Take the Words "Up and Down" and "Yin and Yang" as Examples

语言符号的听觉属性决定了语言的线性原则,引起了符号的顺序问题。于是,就此深入探讨汉语中反义语素相连而构成的固定词序所蕴藏的深层次动因。以"上下"为代表的一类词属于空间范畴,有其经验的基础;而以"阴阳"为代表的一类词则更多地打上了文化的印迹。因此,"上下"和"阴阳"中语素排列的顺序就分别代表了人类的两种宇宙观:崇阳抑阴和重阴轻阳。此外,由于"前阳后阴"思想的影响导致反义语素在使用中的种种不对称和正反问句中肯定、否定成分的不可互换。

The aural property of linguistic symbols leads to the lineal property of language and different order of sym- bols. This paper discusses the root cause of the word order made from antonymous morphemes. For example, the words ＂up and down＂ are based on experience. While the words ＂Yin and Yang＂ are formed on the basis of Chinese culture. Therefore, the order of ＂up and down＂ and ＂Yin and Yang＂ represents two different world views： valuing Yang more than Yin or valuing Yin more than Yang. In addition, affected by the view of valuing Yang more than Yin, antonymous mor- phemes are asymmetric in use and the positive and negative parts are not replaceable in a rhetorical question.