旅客列车空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Survey on Hygienic Status of Passenger Train Air Conditioning and Ventilation System

目的了解列车空调通风系统卫生状况,为旅客列车空调通风系统的卫生管理提供科学依据。方法 2009年1～10月按随机抽样原则,以合肥到北京运行的25型空调客车108节,其中硬座车厢30节、硬卧车厢28节、餐车车厢24节(燃煤燃电各12节)、软卧车厢26节作为调查对象。监测送风口PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌和回风管道中的积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据处理和统计分析。结果送风口和回风管道卫生指标不合格率最高为细菌,各为40.80%、84.40%,其最高值各为(488±354)、(786±254)CFU/cm2;其次为PM10或积尘,各为17.60%、48.50%,β-溶血性链球菌均合格;不同类型车厢空调送风口PM10不合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),由高到低依次为餐车45.80%、硬座23.30%、硬卧3.60%、软卧0.00%;不同类型车厢空调回风管真菌总数不合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中软卧车厢真菌总数不合格率为16.67高于其他车厢,其余积尘量、细菌总数不合格率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论列车空调系统卫生状况不容乐观,应对空调系统定期清洗消毒。

Objective To understand the hygienic status of train air conditioning ventilation system,so as to provide the scientific basis for for the passenger train air conditioning ventilation system health management. Methods During January-October,2009,based on the principles of random sampling,in 108 compartments of Hefei to Beijing type 25 air conditioning,including 30 knots, 28 hard sleeper carriages, 24 restaurant cars （12 coal burning, electric section respectively） ,26 soft sleeper carriage section were as the objects of investigation. Monitoring PM10 of air supply outlet, the total number of bacteria, fungi, beta hemolytic streptococcus and total amount of dust in the return air duct, total number of bac teria, fungi, beta hemolytic streptococcus. Using SPSS 13.0 statistical software for data processing and statistical analysis. Results iAir diffuser and return air duct health indicators fraction defective was highest for bacteria, respectively 40.80%,84.40%;its highest for （488±354）,（488±354） CFU/cm2 ;Followed by PM10 or dust,respectively 17.60%, 48.50% ,betd bemolytic streptococcus all qualified;different types of car air conditioning was compared between PM10 un- qualified rate of air supply outlet, there were significant differences （P 〈0.01）, from high to low in sequence were 45.08 % ,.23.20% hard seat and hard sleeper 3.60% ,0.00 % soft sleeper;different types of car air conditioning duct total fungal fraction defective back there were significant differences （ P 〈0.01）, including fungi total fraction defective was 16.67 % ,higher than other cars, the rest of the amount of dust, bacteria, difference between the total fraction defective, with no Statistical significance （ P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The hygienic status of train air conditioning system is far from optimistic. Regular cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning system should be done.