团体特征与灌溉自组织治理:两个村庄的比较研究

Group Attributes and Self-organization in Irrigation:Comparative study on two villages

论文运用案例比较分析法对两个村庄的灌溉自组织治理进行研究,讨论灌溉团体特征是如何影响自组织治理。研究得出:①团体同质性便于共享规范的形成,基于共享规范,个体遵循"信任—互惠—合作"的行动逻辑,自组织治理得以成功实施;相反,团体异质性阻碍了共享规范形成,个体合作机制断裂,自治绩效低下。②同质性使团体具有很好的包含性和嵌套性,凝聚为关联性团体;异质性则使团体无包含性和无嵌套性,弱化为分裂化团体;基于关联性,团体成员以赋予或剥夺道德声誉的方式对团体精英的行为进行奖惩,使其对自己的行为负责,形成道德问责。

This paper compares two irrigational villages to discuss how group attributes affect self-organization in irrigation. This research has two conclusions. Firstly, homogeneity facilitates the formation of shared norms. Based on shared norms,actors follow the behavior approach of 'trust-reciprocity-collaboration'to promote the success of self-organization. Heterogeneity,however,impedes the formation of shared norms and without shared norms, cooperation break-up, and self-organization fails. Secondly, homogeneous groups have strong encompassing and embedding attributes allowing them to evolve into solidary groups. Lack of encompassing and embedding attributes causes heterogeneous groups to fail to produce solidary and instead become splitting groups. Solidary groups can provide moral accountability. In solidary groups,group members can reward and publish group elites by giving or depriving them of moral standing. Moral accountability makes elites responsible for their actions.