河北沿海大型水母生物量调查

Investigation of macro-jellyfish biomass in the Hebei coast

河北沿海自2008年起水母数量逐年增加，严重影响渔业生产、破坏近岸旅游业。2012年对河北沿海大型水母进行调查，设置了34个站位，对大型水母生物量和种类、海洋理化因子、浮游动物数量变动及分布进行调查。调查发现大型水母种类4种，其中沙海蛰生物量最大，其次是海月水母，海蛰、霞水母生物量最低。沙海蜇数量均较去年增多，秦皇岛沿海、渤海湾沧州沿海，滦河口数量最高，达到了15～75t／km^2；其次是渤海湾，为7．6～15t／km^2；最低的为0．5～1．5t／km^2。近岸海区营养盐含量较远海高，营养盐含量高的地区水母数量居多，说明水体富营养化在一定程度上导致水母数量增长。浮游植物数量、浮游动物数量与水母分布图分析发现，水母数量较多浮游动植物数量均较少，说明水母和浮游生物量在空间分布上可能具有一定的负相关关系。

Since 2008 jellyfish quantity is increaseing year by year in Hebei Coast, that have seriously impacted on fisherys and destructed the coastal tourism. In 2012 we set 34 stations in Hebei coastal. The investigation includes large--scale jellyfish biomass and species, marine physical and chemical factors, changes in quantity and distribution of planktonic animal. 4 species of large-scale jellyfish were found, and the Nemopilema nomurai has the largest hiomass, and then Aurelia aurita, Rhopilema esculentum and Cyanea. Nemopilerna nomurai number was larger than the last year. The numbers in Qinhuangdao, Cangzhou, Luan River Estuary, reached 15-75 t /km2; the second is the Gulf of Bohaito 7.6-15 t /km2; the lowest is0.5-1.5 t/km2. The content of nutrients in coastal areas is higher than open sea. While the areas with high numbers of jellyfish, there is high content of nutrients in the majority, that means eutrophication resulted in the growth of jellyfish to a certain extent. Analysis the distribution of large--scale jellyfish with the curve of phytoplankton and zooplankton animal, where there is a high jellyfish number there is a low plankton number, and this shows jellyfish has a negative correlation with plankton biomass distribution further.