2011年新疆碘缺乏病监测结果分析

Monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 2011

目的了解新疆碘缺乏病病情、居民碘营养水平，为采取适宜的碘缺乏病防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法按照按照人口比例概率抽样方法（PPS），在新疆全区范围内选择30个县（市），每个县（市）抽取1所小学，每所小学抽查40名8～10岁儿童，进行甲状腺检查及家中盐碘含量测定。从被抽中的儿童中再抽取12名儿童，采集尿样进行尿碘测定。在抽中学校的所在村（居委会），按东、西、南、北、中各抽取1份饮用水水样，如为集中式供水地区，则采集2份末梢水样，进行水碘测定。在抽中学校附近，选择3个乡（镇、街道办事处），每个乡（镇、街道办事处）抽取孕妇和哺乳期妇女各5人，每个县（市、区、旗）共抽取孕妇和哺乳期妇女各15人，采集尿样进行尿碘测定。结果①共调查8—10岁儿童1211人，甲状腺肿大率为2．39％（29／1211）。②共采集盐样1209份，盐碘中位数为32．30mg／kg，碘盐覆盖率为99．67％（1205／1209），合格碘盐食用率为97．60％（1180／1209）。③共采集8～10岁儿童尿样364份，尿碘范围在2．83—561．10μg／L，尿碘中位数为185．55μg／L。共采集孕妇及哺乳期妇女尿样1019份，尿碘中位数为184．86μg／L。④共检测水样68份，水碘范围在0．86～76．10μg／L，水碘中位数为2．99μg／L，其中水碘〈10．00μg／L的有60份，占88．24％。结论新疆外环境水碘过低，但碘盐覆盖率较高，儿童碘营养处于正常水平，而孕妇与哺乳期妇女的碘营养水平偏低，须有针对性地开展孕妇和哺乳期妇女的强化补碘工作。

Objective To study the situation of iodine deficiency disorders and iodine nutrition status, to explore a scientific basis for taking appropriate measures to control iodine deficiency disorders. Methods Within the region in accordance with the PPS（standard group sampling method）, 30 counties（cities） were selected, and a primary school was selected from each counties（cities）, thyroid volume of 40 8 - 10-year-old students was examined and iodine level of salt samples from their families was tested. Twelve students were selected from those 40 students for testing of their urinary iodine levels. In the village（neighborhood committee） where the school was, according to the position of the East, the West, the South, the North and the Center, 1 copy of drinking water sample was collected, in case of centralized water supply areas, 2 copies of tap water samples were collected for measuring water iodine level. Three townships（towns, street offices） near the school were selected, 5 pregnant and 5 lactating women were selected, totally 15 pregnant and 15 lactating women in each county（city, district, flag） were selected to test their urinary iodine level. Results （~A total of 1211 children aged 8 to 10 were selected, average goiter rate was 2.39%（29/1211 ）. （1）A total of 1 209 salt samples were selected, median of iodized salt was 32.3 mg/kg, coverage of local iodized salt was 99.67% （1 205/1 209）; consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.60% （1 180/1 209）. （2）A total of 364 urinary samples of 8 - 10-year-old students were selected, urinary iodinen ranged between 2.83 - 561.10 μg/L, with a median of 185.55 Ixg/L; a total of 1 019 urinary samples of pregnant and lactating women were selected,median of urinary iodine was 184.86 μg/L. （3）A total of 68 water samples were selected, water iodine value was in the range of 0.86 - 76.10 μg/L, median of water iodine was 2.99 μg/L, where in 60 samples was less than 10.00 μg/L, accounting for 88.24%. Conclusions Water iodine in external environment is too low in Xinjiang; coverage of iodized salt is high; the children＇s iodine nutrition are at appropriate level; and iodine nutrition levels of pregnant women and lactating women are too low. Therefore we should strengthen the work of iodine supplementation in targeted subgroup of people such as pregnant and lactating women.