涿州市尿路结石的流行病学现状及危险因素分析

Epidemiologic Status and Risk Factors of Urinary Calculus in Zhuozhou City

目的分析涿州市尿路结石的流行病学现状及危险因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法对19 446例涿州市居民进行调查问卷,内容包括体质量指数(BMI)、日饮水量、甜食、膳食口味、食用油、高蛋白膳食、家族史等7种因素。采用1∶1比例选取与结石组基线资料匹配的正常人群为对照组,比较2组上述7种因素。采用Logistic回归从BMI、饮食习惯、结石家族史等多方面综合分析尿路结石发病的危险因素。结果 17 854份有效问卷中,明确诊断为尿路结石的患者为1 752例(9.8%),男1 125例,女627例,30～岁和40～岁组最多,共843例(48.04%)。发病集中在第2、3季度,以输尿管结石为主。结石组与对照组间BMI、日饮水量、甜食、膳食口味、食用油、高蛋白膳食、尿路结石病家族史比较差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析结果显示,日平均饮水量较多、BMI较低和喜食植物油是尿路结石的保护因素,膳食口味偏咸、喜欢甜食、高蛋白饮食频率较高、有家族史是尿路结石的危险因素。结论尿路结石防治重点措施是控制体质量,多饮水,控制高蛋白、高糖、高盐食物的摄入。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological status and risk factors of urinary calculus in residents of zhuo- zhou city. Methods A total of 19 446 residents in zhuozhou city were surveyed with a stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire included body mass index （BMI）, daily water consumption, sweets, meals taste, cooking oil, high-protein diet and family history. A 1 ： 1 ratio was used to select the matched normal control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare BMI, diet habits, family history of renal stones and other risk factors of urinary calculus between two groups. Results There were 1 752 （9.8%） patients were confirmed as urinary calculus in 17 854 follow-up members, in which there were 1 125 male and 627 female. A total of 843 patients were at 0-40 years of age （48.04%）. The incidence of urinary calculus was mainly in the second and third quarter of the year, and mainly was ureteral stones. There were significant differ- ences in BMI, daily water consumption, sweets, meals taste, cooking oil, high-protein diet and family history between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors included more daily water consumption, lower level of BMI and eating vegetable oil. And the risk factors of urinary calculus were salty taste, sweet taste, high protein diet and fami- ly history of urinary calculus. Conclusion Prevention measures of urinary calculus included controlling body mass, drink- ing more water, and controlling high-protein, high-sugar, high-salt food intake.