晚清四洋海军述评

On The Late-Qing Naval Forces of Beiyang, Nanyang, Fujian and Guangdong

本文主要根据中国第一历史档案馆的档案资料,对晚清北洋、南洋、福建、广东四洋海军的创建、编制、特点及素质进行了较为详细的述评,四洋海军的编制、特点及素质尚未见有人专文论及。文中提供了一些新史料,如福建、南洋海军的编制史料。提出了晚清创建海军的具体时间,并认为晚清海军代表清朝军队的最高水平。将北洋海军发展受限及南洋、福建、广东三支海军不能成军的主要原因,归结到当时的社会经济基础与上层建筑这一社会根本问题上,并对李鸿章单纯的战略防御加以评论。

Based on the materials mainly from No. 1 Historical Archives of China, this thesis reviews the establishment, organization, characteristics and qualities of the naval forces of Four Yangs--Beiyang, Nanyang, Yueyang(Fujian, Guangdong) of the late Qing dynasty. It proclaims the exact date when the Empire Navy was founded in the late Qing period, owes the restrained development of Beiyang navy and failure of organizing the other three forces to the problems arising from socioeconomic base and the superstructure at that time, and finally comments on the simply strategic defense initiative by Li Hongzhang as well.