民初广东民主政权建设与新兴政治精英的困境

Construction of The Democratic Government in Guangdong and the Difficult Situation of The New Political Elite in the Early Republic of China

辛亥革命后,以同盟会(国民党)为代表的革命党人作为新兴政治精英,崛起于中国政治舞台。他们坚持以孙中山先生"三民主义"为指导纲领,积极推进民主政权建设。但是,广东社会动荡的复杂背景,以及资产阶级自身的局限性,使得民主政制的推行遭遇种种挫折。广东省议会成为同盟会员迅速提升政治地位的手段,排斥地方旧知识精英,使缺乏社会基础的新兴政治精英愈加孤立,没有帮助革命党人的政权深入民心。1920年代,陈炯明在"地方主义"的引导下,尝试将政党政治寄予民治之上。但是,"民选县长"本身的政治化,使得民主政制陷入地方主义的漩涡。民初广东革命政权的建设情况,典型地反映了民主政制在近代中国的艰难开局。

In the early Republic of China, as an emerging political elite, the revolutionary party committed to build democracy under the guidance of the Three People＇s Principles of Sun Yat-sen. However, class limitation, complicated and unsettled social environments frustrated their introduction of democratic system in Guangdong provincial parliaments, which contributed to the improvement of the political status of the numbers of Tong Meng Hui, further isolating the new political elites who originally lacked the social foundation. So it provided no help for the regime of the revolutionary party to win support among the people. Although Chen Jiongming tried to implement local autonomy under the guidance of regionalism in the 1920＇ s, actually regionalism seriously hindered the development of elected magistrate movement whose purpose was for political struggle. The situation of Guangdong in the early Republic of China typically reflected the difficult start of the democratic system in modern China.